The landscape of social care for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) in the UK is rapidly evolving due to the significant rise in the number of these vulnerable young people entering the country. The social care system faces unprecedented challenges as the number of UASC continues to grow, particularly in counties with substantial ports like Suffolk. This surge in arrivals has profound implications for local authorities, social care services, and the children who depend on these services for safety, stability, and support.
The Growing Challenge
The number of UASCs in care reached record levels in 2022, with the Department for Education’s statistics showing a 34% increase from 2021 to 2022. As of March 2022, there were 5,570 unaccompanied children in care, the highest number ever recorded in England. This unprecedented increase was driven by spontaneous arrivals and transfers under the National Transfer Scheme (NTS), which mandates that all UK councils care for UASC to alleviate the pressure on port authorities.
As of September 2023, the UK received 4,656 applications for asylum from unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) in the previous year, which was 16% less than the previous year. This number comprised 6% of the total asylum applications received in the UK.
Suffolk, a coastal county with a significant port at Felixstowe, has seen a particularly sharp rise in UASC numbers. Arrivals come directly from shore, lorry parks, and transport hubs. This influx has created a pressing need for a more structured and comprehensive approach to social care for these children, emphasizing the importance of organization and planning in managing this situation.
The Impact on Social Care Services
The increasing number of UASC has placed considerable strain on social care services, which are already under pressure due to broader challenges in the care system. One of the critical issues is the range of needs these children present. Many UASC arrive with complex trauma, having experienced exploitation, persecution, or severe hardship on their journey to the UK. These experiences make them highly vulnerable to further exploitation, including criminal activities such as drug trafficking or involvement in county lines.
To again use Suffolk as an example, Suffolk has developed a dedicated UASC and care leaving team to address these challenges, integrating the expertise needed to provide tailored support to these children. This specialist team works exclusively with UASC, offering a seamless service beyond 18, ensuring continuity of care as these young people transition into adulthood.
The Role of Accommodation and Support Services
One of the significant pressures arising from the increase in UASC is the need for suitable accommodation. The traditional approach of spot purchasing placements has proven costly and often inadequate. In response, Suffolk has moved towards commissioning specific providers who can deliver housing and a comprehensive package of support for UASC. This model ensures that children and young people can access the care they need within a stable and supportive environment.
However, using unregulated placements, particularly for older UASC, remains a contentious issue. While some older children may prefer independent living arrangements, there are concerns about the lack of oversight and the varying quality of support provided. Campaigners argue that unregulated settings are inappropriate for this vulnerable group, as they often lack the specialist care needed to address their unique needs.
Funding and Resource Challenges
The growing numbers of UASC have also highlighted significant funding challenges for local authorities. The current funding model provided by the Home Office has been criticised as inadequate, with councils struggling to cover the costs of care, especially as the number of care leavers continues to rise. The funding gap is particularly pronounced for local authorities like Kent, which have high concentrations of UASC.
Moreover, the pressure on resources has led to concerns about the long-term sustainability of the care system. With the number of asylum-seeking care leavers nearly doubling over the past five years, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of funding and resource allocation to ensure that local authorities can continue to provide high-quality care for these young people.
The Path Forward
The increasing numbers of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in the UK present a significant challenge for social care services. To meet this challenge, local authorities must continue to innovate and adapt, developing specialist teams and commissioning services that can meet the complex needs of these children. At the same time, there must be a concerted effort to address the funding shortfalls that threaten the sustainability of the care system.
ACCA recognises the critical role that comprehensive and expert social care services play in supporting UASC. As we continue to navigate this complex landscape, we must advocate for the rights and needs of these vulnerable children, ensuring that they receive the care, support, and protection they deserve. By working together with local authorities, care providers, and policymakers, we can help build a system that truly meets the needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and sets them on a path to a brighter future.
